The Ethics And Ethics Of Torture Essay - 1182 Words

Amidst the many controversial topics circulating around our world today, ethical arguments have emerged about torture that question its mere value in society. One can assume that the use of torture may involve intentionally inflicting psychological or physical pain to a being in exchange for some sort of gratification, information, or action. Although torture has been prominent from ancient to modern days, it has seemed to be noticeably sanctioned by individuals or groups of the government in the name of justice. With that said, the question may arise: should it be permissible or condemned? That very well may be answered by philosophically indulging oneself in the roots of both the Utilitarian and Aristotelian views. Even though both views are aimed towards the achievement of happiness, they seem to collide theoretically on the idea of torture via their textual precedence. If a modern-day philosopher were to hypothetically ask either of the two about the extremity, one could formulat e an objective and theoretical response. With Aristotle’s views embracing the philosophical world first, his Nicomachean Ethics provides a consistent and logical framework that helps address the morality of contemporary issues, such as torture. In Book II of his works, Aristotle claims that the practitioners of virtue are the ones who achieve ultimate happiness and that virtue is either intellectual at birth or a trained habit. Virtues are simply dispositions to act in the correct way inShow MoreRelatedEthics Of Torture And Torture1113 Words   |  5 Pages Ethics of Torture The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines torture as the act of causing severe physical pain as a form of punishment or as a way to force someone to do or say something. But what would one call morally acceptable torture? Is sleep depriving a criminal in order to find out the location of a missing person wrong? Does waterboarding a terrorist to find out information count as a morally correct reason to torture? Recently the C.I.A. released a detailed torture report to the publicRead MoreTorture and Ethics1447 Words   |  6 PagesTour Torture and Ethics Paper CJA 530 January 31st, 2011 Eddie Koen Torture and Ethics Paper Torture is something that is known as wrong internationally. Torture is â€Å"deliberate, systematic or wanton infliction of physical or mental suffering by one or more persons acting on the orders of authority, to force a person to yield information, to confess, or any other reason† (World Medical Association, 1975, pg.1). There is a general consensus that there is a rightRead MoreTorture and Ethics1604 Words   |  7 PagesTorture and Ethics Paper Alfreepha Williams AJS/532 July 21, 2013 Patricia DeAngelis Torture and Ethics There are many views or definition of the word â€Å"torture†, which is often debated by many individuals. According to â€Å"International Rehabilitation Council For Torture Victims† (2005-2012), â€Å"torture is an act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining information or a confession, punishing him for anRead MoreEssay about The Ethics of Torture1633 Words   |  7 Pages In the United States legal system, torture is currently defined as â€Å"an act committed by a person acting under the color of law specifically intended to inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering (other than pain or suffering incidental to lawful sanctions) upon another person within his custody or physical control.† as defined by Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives (US Code, 1) Though this is a seemingly black and white definition, the condition al â€Å"†¦otherRead MoreThe Ethics of Torture Essay examples1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe institution of torture has been in existence for quite sometime; however, it was not always seen as an ethical question. In antiquity, the Romans employed something known as â€Å"the cat-of-nine-tails,† which was a flogging instrument with nine sharp ends. However, the use of torture was not confined to the West, the Chinese utilized â€Å"bamboo sticks to beat people.† During antiquity, torture was used as a punishment, but during the Spanish Inquisition, this notion of torture evolved to a meansRead MoreEthics Of Torture : Who Are We Really Hurting?990 Words   |  4 PagesTorture is a heinous crime to anyone who is put under the duress of those who either get enjoyment or use it as a device for information gathering. In recent years it has been more in use as a focal point with the recent killings of aid and social workers in the Middle East and travelers that ente r North Korea to state a message or obtain information. If the rules of the Geneva Convention do not apply, then what rules do apply? Ethics of torture: who are we really hurting? ConflictRead MoreIs Torture Morally Wrong?1265 Words   |  6 Pagesbelief that torture is morally wrong. Popular culture, religious point of views, and every other form of culture for many decades has taught that it is a wrongdoing. But is torture really a wrong act to do? To examine the act of torture as either a means or an end we must inquire about whether torture is a means towards justice and therefore morally permissible to practice torture on certain occasions. â€Å"Three issues dominate the debates over the morality of torture: (1) Does torture work? (2) IsRead MoreEssay on Code of Ethics and Security Case Study1600 Words   |  7 PagesCode of Ethics and Security Case Study December 20, 2010 Abstract As we examine the case of â€Å"Cop Gets 15 Years in Torture Case†, we evaluate from four different perspectives the different ethical theories; ethical relativism, ethical egoism, deontological ethics and ontological ethics to determine how the different perspectives support or condemn the conduct in this  case study. The case involves the brutal sodomizing of a black male Haitian immigrant, Abner Louima by two white New York policeRead MoreEthics And Morality : A Noble Cause Corruption1196 Words   |  5 PagesEthics and morality are broad topics of everyday life. Instinctively, we as humans know the difference between right and wrong but in some cases, our ethics will narrow. Actions and decisions become selfish and for the sole purpose of personal gain. In some cases, unethical ways may even be illegal. Noble cause corruption is a prime example of when a person will utilize unethical means for a result to benefit the greater good. Noble cause corruption differs with tr aditional corruption. TraditionalRead MoreThe Extreme Forms Of Human Violence1515 Words   |  7 Pages As one of the most extreme forms of human violence, torture has many long-term detrimental physical and mental health consequences. For those who have endured torture, a potential negative outcome of their experience can include the psychologists’ undermined role and legitimacy as a mental health professional (Olson Soldz, 2007). Following periods of torture-based interrogations, survivors inexorably harbor distrust for psychologists. In the future, this could prevent them from seeking treatment

Consequences Of Drinking And Driving - 1280 Words

Consequences of Drinking and Driving Alcohol consumption is considered to be a part of culture in many countries and the United States is no exception to this ideological thinking. However, drinking responsibly and understanding the impairments alcohol has on the body is a key component to being safe and within the regulations and laws established by the states. With this being said, many people still find themselves behind the wheel of a vehicle after consuming too much alcohol and are quickly found to be in violation of the laws set forth. Alcohol is a key factor in many traffic accidents and the lethality of these accidents increase when alcohol is involved, leading to 41% of all traffic fatalities being caused by a DUI offender in 2002 (Hingson Winter 63). Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol can be defined as being over an established limit of Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) prescribed by that state. While most states have set their basic BAC level to 0.08%, the sanct ions, treatment and monitoring of offenders is widely varied across the states (Voas, et al 1221). The effects on DUI offenders, although varied, follow a similar guideline that includes license suspensions, treatment, offender monitoring, fines, and sometimes incarceration. No matter what state you are driving through, you are required to have a state issued driver’s license. Without this license, everyday activity is hindered by not being self sufficient and having to rely on either publicShow MoreRelated The Consequences of Drinking And Driving Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesDriving under the influence has affected many peoples lives and families. Today I would like to talk to you about the problems of drinking and driving, and why it is a concern for all of us. Driving under the influence is one of the most common and dangerous situations you can put yourself or someone else in. The fact is that drinking and driving is a huge deal and can leave a long trail of broken dreams and hearts. If you drink and drive, not only are you putting yourself at risk, but yourRead More The Consequences of Drinking and Driving Essay531 Words   |  3 PagesThe facts are plain and simple, that alcohol and driving do not mix. About three in every ten Americans will be involved in an alcohol related crash at some time in their lives. Every single injury and death caused by drunk driving is totally preventable. To curb this national travesty, concerned Americans need to examine the problems, the effects, and the solutions to drunk driving. First of all, America has had a problem with drunk driving since Ford perfected the assembly line. Alcoholism is aRead MoreThe Dangers Of Driving Under The Influence Of Alcohol And Drugs Along With Texting While Driving861 Words   |  4 PagesL. (2016). Texting, drugs, and driving: A triple threat to driving safety? Journal of Ergonomics, 6 (2), 1-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7556.1000154 This journal explains the dangers of driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs along with texting while driving. This journal is useful in identifying the risks associated with intoxicated driving. It can also help in determining the effects of alcohol exposure in contrast to drugs and texting while driving to see if there are any performanceRead More Drinking and Driving Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesDrinking and Driving Should Blood Alcohol Percentages for Drunken Driving Be Lowered? Driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol is one of the most dangerous things you can do. Alcohol causes varying degrees of the following side effects in everyone who uses it; dullness of sensation, lowered sensory motor skills, lowered reactive or reflexive motor responses, impaired thought processes, impaired memory, impaired judgement, sleep or sleeplessness, and in extreme Read MoreThe Consequences of Drunk Driving800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Consequences of Drunk Driving â€Å"A friend who dies, it’s something of you who dies,† Gustave Flaubert. When someone dies from drunk driving this is something you may be feeling. The consequences of drunk driving are far too high to even think of driving while under the influence. Every year thousands die from drunk driving or are caught drunk driving, and face consequences such as fines and a loss of license. But, it’s easy to avoid or prevent drunk driving by ordering a taxi or setting a designatedRead MorePositive And Negative Effects Of Drinking Alcohol1709 Words   |  7 Pagesthe consumption of alcohol but it can be said that drinking alcohol has both positive and negative effects. Controversy may arise between opposing sides that those below the age of twenty-one are not responsible enough to drink however are allowed a driving license or a driver’s permit. In the United States of America, society and lawmakers focus more on the negative impacts of alcohol consumption especi ally when it comes to who we allow drinking, and do not consider that teenagers are able to thinkRead MorePenalties for Driving Under the Influence Essay726 Words   |  3 Pagespaid the full consequence of their wrongdoing, the number of people killed by drunk drivers would decrease. Some argue that if the government strengthened DUI laws, it would have an economically negative effect on a city’s social drinking aspect; however, DUI laws would have a direct effect on repeated offenders and drinkers who disregard the law. Some people argue that if stricter DUI laws existed, it will only have a negative financial effect on cities instead of stopping drunk driving. In the articleRead Moretexting and driving1187 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Is Texting and Driving as bad as Drinking and Driving? Amber King Zane State College There are many dangers when both drinking while driving and texting while driving. In this essay the two will be compared and contrasted to find why people do them even with the dangerous consequences. Drivers think they can text while driving and also drink while driving because they think they can get away with it because nothing has affected them in the past whileRead MoreTeen Drinking And Driving921 Words   |  4 Pages*date* Teen drinking and driving Drinking and driving is one of the biggest social issues for teens across the United States. Getting behind the wheel of a vehicle after consuming alcohol is a very dangerous thing no matter what age you are. However, teens do not think about the consequences of drinking and driving until it is already too late. Many things contribute to this growing problem of teen drinking and driving. First, there is a lack of education about drinking and driving in schools todayRead MoreDrinking And Driving1335 Words   |  6 Pages Drink and Driving is and Ongoing Problem Erica Esposito Kean University Abstract This paper explores the research and find results on how drinking and driving has become a big problem in the United States. Drinking and driving effects a person’s ability to operate a vehicle and therefore drunk drivers need to be educated on the repercussions with drinking and driving. Every day drunk drivers are arrested, either for traffic violations, reckless driving, and random stops on the

Australia Studies and Reader Demonstration †Free Solution

Questions: 1. Using your own words, identify two claims Elder is making with regards to national stories and who tells these stories in the following quotation: Nationalism helps make particular stories of Australian-ness. The longevity or centrality of particular national stories does not reflect the truth of these stories or their accuracy; rather, it reflects the power of the story. Or, more importantly, it reflects the power of the story maker. 2. Discuss two key arguments in relation to the role women played in the establishment of the early colony found in the documentary The Floating Brothel. 3. Define how Benedict Anderson conceptualises national identity. Specify two key components which make up Andersons understanding of national identity. 4. Outline two ways in which Shapelle Corby symbolises Australia that are described by Lambert (2007) in Seeing Culture, Seeing Shapelle. 5. Outline two key findings of the survey conducted by Tranter and Donoghue (2010) in Ned Kelly: armoured icon and say what relevance these findings have for an Australian national identity. 6. Is the transcript of Geoffrey Blaineys speech to Parliament House in 2000 a source that could be used for academic essay writing purposes? Give at least two reasons for your answer. 7. Outline two aspects of the vision held for Australia at Federation. 8. Nelson (2009, p.160) quotes Paul Keating where, in a speech given in 1992, he argues that the fighting along the Kokoda Trail in WWII should replace the events at Gallipoli in WWI as the focus of Anzac Day celebrations. Outline two reasons given by Keating for proposing this change. 9. Marek Haltof argues that the purpose of the film Gallipoli is .....to define the notion of the Australian by going back to, and examining such local stereotypes and mythology as good Australians-bad foreigners, the myth of innocent Australia, the attributes of Australianness versus Britishness. Explain two problems that Haltof identifies as the result of constructing the film Gallipoli in this way. 10 Explain what the term cannon fodder means and the context in which it emerged. 11. What was Americas new world order and what did this mean for Australia at the end of WWII? 12. Explain the Venona Affair. 13. Discuss two reasons why Paul Keating wanted to have Kokoda replace Gallipoli as the cornerstone from which an Australian national identity could be constructed. 14. Burden (1994, p.163) argues that Indigenous Australian health has been adversely affected by [the] rapid population decline which resulted from disease and violence [which] had a dramatic effect on the ability of Aboriginal groups to maintain themselves as social entities. Explain two reasons why Burden thinks that Indigenous health today is still affected by these historical events. 15. Ally and Walker (2007) outline similarities and parallels between the invasion narratives surrounding Asia during the late nineteenth century in Australia and current media representation of the veils worn by Muslin women. Outline two similarities that the authors identify between these two eras and give examples to support your answer. 16. What is The Dreaming? What role does The Dreaming play in the construction of an Australian national identity? Answers: 1. The term post colonial is directly related with complexity of different cultural expenses which implies the major extraction fro Austrian address. This theory directly related with reader demonstration including their common attributes. With the help of postal colonial some societies have maintai8n the basic rule which restrict the independent societies. This theory involves so many experiences and discussions which are dealing with Australians civilizations including slavery and suppression. The researcher attempted so many historical strategies to investigate Australian publishing networks. An emphasis is made to control the importance of Australian technical implementations. The colonial space provides some ethical issues which are necessary to investigate a social study. During the data collection method so many obstacle or limitations are coming which are trying to prevent the data analysis method. These drawbacks are overcome with the help of Colonial strategy. Stephen Simon has reviewed the entire overview and their developments which demonstrate the post colonial studies including their natural analysis. Some questions are arises to demonstrate the overall strategy by combining a fresh analysis. With the help of European strategy Australia made an impact oral view to control their focusing point. Form the overall conclusion the strategy are made in favour of Australian academic institution which specify the entire nationalism of Australia. These relations are made in between Australian nationalism and their reflection strategy. More importantly the Australian politics are possibly made to solve the major problems. The entire case studies are made in favour of Australian nature to produce an overall impact. There is no input strategy assumed for a political dimension including quantities differentiates. Each nodes are accessed the political strategies of Australian civilization. So many arguments are made by hybrid writer to conclude the national and international cultural system of Australian civilization. 2. All the women played the vital role to save the dying colony and also redeemed themselves. The cargo was full of thieves, canny con and those female whores. For saving the colony, must produce life, this is the ultimate moral. The government proposed to send eleven ships and get of penal settlement in the far side of Australia. This is kind of battle to survive. All types of prostitutes were there such as street girls, con-women and bag snatchers who could create the impression for the sexual affair and that would help to produce life. The small girl did the cat walk in the ramp for creating impression. This would have critically analysed over the history and past. All the women were basically fighting for that dead colony. These women are the actual survivors and for that reason they were doing that type of businesses. This tale of women gave the breath life to that dying colony. In the documentary of Floating Brothel is actually the ultimate describer for the history of Australia and their government. 3. Benedict Anderson has the reflection on the conceptualization of the nation and this theory of how the cultural artefact and the national identity can be used as the dominant sense of self emerged and it has been spread throughout the world. Anderson makes a useful contribution for the thinking of the capitalism which helps in the development of the countryness. Benedict Anderson also makes the historical development of the nattiness and the age of nationalism is the root cause for the decline in the religion. Anderson also states that nationalism which has been rose which have been produced by the erosion of the religious communities in Australia. The two components which Benedict Anderson has conceptualized in the making of the national identity is that Benedict Anderson does not accept the capitalism for understanding the natural identity of Australia as Benedict Anderson suggest in accepting the culture and the traditions of Australia so that people of Australia should believe in making of the protected nationalism so that the country should feel proud in symbolizing the national identity of Australia. 4. Schapelle Corby 36 who was found guilty by an Indonesian court on may 27 2005 made an attempt so that smuggling of 4.1 kg if marijuana have been taken from Australia to Bali. Schapelle Corbys case should have been telecasted in at a TV show in Australia. When the case has been file in the court of Australia. According to the laws of Australia it has been determined that the Australian laws are against the criminal acts and they do not support the criminals. Schapelle Corby says that the Australian court has made a great help when the Indonesian court have rejected to cooperate with the Australian government. Australia still thinks that there is terrorist connection with Australia and there is a military threat. The majority of people lining in Australia feels that Corby was innocent. 5. Australian celebrates their origin fathers, such that Bob Hawke and Andrew fisher and Australian remember their military heroes like Frederick Bell and John Bisdee. Some individual heroic statuses are placed on Australian anti-social behaviour. These behaviours are so important for Australian political strategies which help to create safe national characteristics in favour of Australia. The social equality of Australia holds the importance of national character, with the help of notable expectation from a great cricketer Sir Donald Bradman in the 19th century including Ned Kelly. There are so many Australian heroes, who achieve their heroic status with respect to their notable expectations. Foundation heroes are not present for Australian mythscape as because Australians are not aware about a civil war also they have no experience about revaluation or military attack. Australian may be disagreeing for their letter claim by ignoring their narrative identity to follow the establishm ent of British penal colonies in the year of 1788. Australian has celebrated the actions of their World War soldiers, commonly referred as Anzacs in the year of 1944. This name is coming by combining both army crops from Australia and New Zeeland. Most of the Australian identified their individual Anzacs. Sir John marsh was the great Anzacs who follows the Australian civilization rule with his donkey. The myth of Anzac refers to the major exploits that performed heroically including new nation which was formed for their earlier generation in the year of 1901. With the help of Australian social survey and their common attitudes some data are observed to represent a research approach. These data collections are totally based on Australian electronic roll in the year of 2011. Data collection for this survey was ended on 1st may in the year of 2012. The sample size of the research proposal represented a huge response at a rate of 31 %. Variable designs are coming with the help of this survey investigation. All the survey reports are to be managed with the help of national representatives in favour of Australian census. The researcher made an overall impact to represent the entire design which identifies the Australian national identity including their Australian historical figures. An overall category is selected in the data sample to mention Australian Bushrangers. This figure surveyed an important thought out which is coming from Australian identity to chose their common choice. In the figure the researcher uses a simple binary regression to make an impact of social background including variable Anzacs. 6. Geoffrey blainey is a prominent Australian historian and commentator having the wide range of audiences. In the year between 1967 and 2007 he was the chairman or the member of the varieties of ranges of the Australian government councils. In the year 1984 Geoffrey Blainey has given the speech in the Rotary club in 1984 where the Australias Asian immigration was very high. Blaines controversial speech has ignited the fire which has started the beginning of the historical wars in Australia. Yes this issue can be used as the academic essay writing as the topic is quite interesting and it has the clear justification of the over population in the country Australia. The topic is considered as a change in the political as well the social structure of Australia and this issue can be benefitted for the Australian government. This also reflects on the multiculturalism and it has made a change in the life of the historians. The speech which was given by Blainey also reflects on the economic success of Australia as the country also gets politically and economically stronger for the immigration rules adopted in Australia for the speech which was given by Blainey. 7. In the recent ages in Australia the colonies of Australia are like the same countries which have the normal houses, railway gauges and even the military was different for different colonies in Australia. It was not a favorable idea for stabilizing the condition in Australia. With the help of some of the colonial politicians like Alfred Dakin, Henry Parkes and Edmund Barton started working together and with a lot of hard work and dedication they have united all the colonies of Australia in order to form a federation. Henry Parkes created the national government for Australia and the first written constitution has been drafted in Australia. The next vision could be the formation of the new capital of Australia and this is possible only when there is an introduction of the voting system. In the voting system all the colonies should have the right to vote for the benefit of the country. The colonies should not be biased in giving their rights for the development of the capital in Australia. The colonies have become the states and the vision for the formation of federal parliament according to the rules of the constitution. 8. The Gallipoli was based over the War between Newzealand and Australia and the Kokoda was basically the most famous track in Papua where the World War II was being located between Australia and Japan. Keating wanted to change the basis situation because it will be so effective because Kokoda is the most famous location where they won the world war against Japan. Anzac celebration must be held over that particular situation for that reason. 9. Peter Weir who is the famous Australian filmmaker concentrates mainly on the artistic films which have changed the revolution of the Australian cinema and Weir maintained the culture of the Australian cinema as through his films peter Weir want to showcase the culture and the traditions of Australia which is different from the mainstream cinema. He concentrated in the geo political issues and the controversial issues so he often gets involved in serious controversies. The films of Weir have also changed the shape of the painting houses and it also deals with the iconic and true stories which symbolize the Australian culture and art. Mark Haltof criticized the films of peter Weir by saying that films about the different cultures of Australia is of the dominant concern for peter Weir. Mark Haltof also marks that Peter Weir want to emerge the hallucinatory and the dream like stuffs in their films. The two problems which have been encountered while the reconstruction of the film Gallipoli are that Mark Haltof tried to make the films which are not based on Australian myths and dreams as Peter Weir tried to focus on the artistic view of the Australian culture so in this case Mark Haltof should not get proper responses from the critics analyzing the films. The second problem is that mark Haltof trying the film Gallipoli which is on the war between the Anzacs which includes the war between New Zealand and the Australians so in this case in war making films the violence created for the films should not be accepted by the Australian people. 10. annon fodder infantrymen are core participants in the wave attacks where a kind of strategy and technology being designed by the soldiers for attacking their enemies. This is related with the work of soldiers for their nation. The government uses the soldiers regarded as one kind of material which is expended in typical war. Government only wants the outcome after the war. The possibilities will not being taken as in the consideration; the government only invest them in the war. This is one kind of strategic goal to achieve or win in war. The cannon fodder is used as food for collective people or soldiers. It will damage many soldiers so it is called metaphorical food for any kind of enemy. Cannon fodder is basically used in the situation where fighter or warrior is deliberately forced to fight against enemies which are the main cause of such a huge amount of causalities. This is completely different from other kinds of forces like Navy or Air force. The concept emerged in the sixteenth century but it was basically being used in the First World War by the army people. 11. The new order of America was that the US army had to follow the Nazi rules which were formulated by the great dictator Adolf Hitler. The Nazi party was formed by Adolf Hitler which indicates that the German has conquered some of the areas in America and the American government has to follow the rules of the Nazi party. After the World War 2 Germany were overthrown by the Russians. The establishment of the new order has begun before the outbreak of the World War 2. The Americas new order is basically the conspiracy which has been organized by America of forming one government which indicates that the country should be governed only by the powerful individuals which comprises of the strong political leaders, the wealthiest people of America. The intention is to have a total and complete control over all the individuals which were lining in this entire world. The world should only have the rulers and the servants and it has been the fact for the New Order. 12. Venona project is basically remained secret over a large decade. This affair is the most sensitive issue of US intelligence prospective. This project was actually implemented because this is an activity where Soviet intelligence gathered all of the vital information of western military. This is implemented for the world war situation. A the project was initiated in the year of 1943, W. Clarke the deputy chief of Military signed for allowing Germany to War with US and Great Britain. US army initiated a counter-intelligence program called Venona Affair. National security agencies had proposed this issue for the world battle. In the year of 1943, it was being proposed. This program was lasted for more than 40 years. This affair is related with military intelligence service and foreign intelligence services are included with this issue with Soviet Union agencies. This Venona project produced dramatic situation for the western counter-intelligence period. 13. The reason behind the replacement of Kokoda to Gallipoli is very esthetical. The reason is very strong because the ultimate thing is Kokoda was a victory and Gallipoli was basically defeated. The council of the war memorial of Australia Paul Keating stated that the war is a vital mistake and for that reason the scheme was completely derailed for the Gallipoli Centenary of the war. In the year of 1993, Keating was trying to remake the all over national identity with the help of marginalizing identity of Gallipoli. The campaign of Kokoda fought on the other side. By the Gallipoli it cannot be taken under consideration because it confirmed in the homeland defence. 14. Indigenous group is related to the inhabitants of Australian continent. Those people were basically from Bathurst Island. The earliest or the first is known as aboriginal. Many religions are associated with this group. So there would have so many problematic situations over the past years in history. So these kinds of groups are affected and for that reason they are not being identified basically. The Indigenous society had basically suffered greatly in Australia. Generally these people have life expectancy, so many opportunities in the remote area for this kind of situation negative social issues were developed and for that reason Indigenous people had a dramatic effect and resulted from any kind of diseases and violence. Although the aboriginal group of people basically make up a kind of small percentage of the population but they are always affected by the poverty and tropical diseases. According to Burden in the year of 1994, self identification is the basic thing and it must be belonged to the Indigenous group. This group is actually not being included under the proper designation. Only six to seven percent people identified themselves in Australia. From the history it was basically known that the group descendant of single migration in the continent. So thats why Burden stated that the group of indigenous people are affected. 15. According to Ally and Walker (2007) when there is invasion by the most of the Arab countries the attention of these invasions has come forwarded by the Australian media. Australian media coverages in demonizing, stereotyping, victimizing the people of the Islamic religion and mainly the women who worm veils and the terror attacks in Australia. From one of the specific examples which have been taken for the support of this answer should be that the report which has been covered by Peter Manning about the attacks of 9/11 when it has been highlighted in the newspapers of Australia and the gang rapes in Sydney on September 11 2001. In both the examples just like the Arabs and the Muslim religion sends a terror message to the whole world the attacks on the racialism have also been taken in Australia and the Australian media plays a big role in presenting the views of the people on the incidents which took place in Sydney with the Indians. The other similarity is that the Australian media is also developing fear among the minds of the common people living in Australia just like the Islamic countries make them developed among the people living in the Middle East countries. 16. The dreaming related with the past, present and future time different concept. It is actually called the dawn of time. The government proposed the concept of dreaming which is basically oriented with the culture and religion and how Australia will capable to show their perfect identity of nationalization. The government had recognized the stereotypes and national symbols for their identity. The dreaming concept is described the overall constructed image of Australia to get their national identities and that will be reflected in reality of living of everybody in Australia. The dreaming is basically consisting of way of life, national symbol and places. Australian government has cooperated with some of few rules and methods which have to be oriented in the country. The ideation has to be regarded by their own culture because it cannot be taken from the outside for their identities. Development or construction of national identity is so more vital for the growth of the country.

When Couples Become Parents

Procreation is the societal norm of marriage. If couples cannot have children, they may seek other means of having children. They may choose adoption or surrogate motherhood. Very few couples choose not to have children. Prior to having children, couples usually enjoy the comfort of each other. However, the birth of a child leads to drastic changes in how couples associate with each other.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on When Couples Become Parents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Transition to parenthood may lead to various challenges that couples must be ready to face. Parenthood leads to divisions of work and responsibility according to gender. The added responsibilities of parenthood lead to a permanent change in the relationship between the couple. Therefore, it is critical for the couples to be ready for parenthood. Failure to have good preparation may lead to creation of tensions, which may threaten the p eaceful coexistence of the couples. The birth of a baby leads to permanent changes in the couple’s lives. This paper focuses on the effects that a baby has on the responsibilities and sexual relationship of the couple. These may create tension in the marriage. Bonnie Fox’s book, ‘when couples become parents,’ provides a clear explanation of the changes that occur when couples become parents. Divisions of work and responsibility based on gender is one the initial changes that occur when couples become parents. Usually, the society expects women to take care of the children. Women feed and clean the children. Division of work and responsibility based on the gender may the source of initial problems in the transition to parenthood. This is because it places more childcare responsibilities on women. Husbands may be reluctant to share the child rearing duties with their partners. Division of responsibilities may also lead to conflicts among the couple. Time pre ssures are the major factor that leads to conflicts among the couples. Division of responsibility forces the new parents to juggle between their parental duties and their careers (Fox, 2009, p. 156). Traditionally, women are the main gender that takes care of the children. In traditional marriages, women remain at home looking after the children while the men work. However, men also look after the children. Men may wash, feed, or cuddle babies when they cry.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, in most instances, men care for the babies due to the insistence of their wives. Women usually have a special closeness with their children. Women may have telepathic communication with their children. However, there are men who may perform caregiving duties without the insistence of their wives. Such men usually envy the fondness that their wives may have with their children. Women usually ensure that the children are well fed and cleaned. In some instances, women may still perform these duties even if the men were home on a fulltime basis (Fox, 2009, p. 173). It is critical for couples to divide their parental duties among themselves. Therefore, while one parent is looking after the child, the other parent may be performing various housework duties. However, how the parents share their duties is dependent on how they shared their duties prior to becoming parents. Sharing duties increases the mothering that the babies receive. This is beneficial in the development of the child. However, the man’s failure to undertake domestic responsibilities or childrearing activities does not mean that he is bad parent. The man merely helps her partner in the chores. The man may choose to help his partner or not. However, the society considers women who do not undertake their domestic responsibilities as bad parents. This is because the society considers domestic acti vities and child rearing activities to be the domain of the woman. Motherhood leads to a complete transformation of the woman’s life. However, there may be very few changes in the man’s life. Husbands simply acquire additional responsibilities on their lives. Husbands mainly ensure financial provision of the family. Therefore, children increase the financial burden that husbands have to overcome (Fox, 2009, p. 181). The divisions of role of parenting usually change dramatically after the birth of the baby. Women engage in more domestic work than they did prior to the birth of the child. After the birth of the baby, women usually seek leave from their places of work to bring up the children.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on When Couples Become Parents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Women usually take a few months off to care for the baby. In some instances, women may quit their jobs to become full time parents. However, men rarely take time off from work to look after their children or wives. Those who do, spend only a few days away from working taking care of the baby. Engaging in domestic chores makes a woman have a feeling of accomplishment. However, the birth of the baby may make the husband engage in less domestic chores. This is because the woman may quit work to become a fulltime parent. Therefore, men may leave all domestic to their wives. Engaging in domestic chores and child rearing activities is a tiresome activity to women. Most women claim that they do not have spare time for relaxation. This is because, the birth of the increases their domestic responsibilities. Even if women received support from their husbands in domestic chores and child rearing duties, they would still feel that they do not have enough time (Fox, 2009, p. 185). The birth of a baby leads to complete transformation of the relationship between the couples. It is vital for the couple to ensure t hat they support each other. The couples usually shift their attention to the baby. Therefore, they may not have time to make their relationship work. The birth of the baby leads to drastic changes in the sexual relationship of the couple. The birth of the baby usually reduces the frequency of sex. Very few couples have sex within the first two months after the birth of the baby. Most couples resume sex only after weaning the baby. Couples may not have sex due to the infrequent sleep pattern of the baby. In addition, women are not ready to engage in sex due to the exhaustion of the domestic activities. Various women are not comfortable having sex after the birth of the baby. However, as the baby grows, the couples may start having sex more frequently. This is because women have more time for relaxation. In most couples, their sexual relationship does not revert to the way it was before the pregnancy. The daily stress and exhaustion of women, coupled with the lack of a sexual relatio nship may be detrimental to the marriage. During this period, most couples may have a feeling of discontent towards their partners.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This may ultimately result in the breakup of the marriage. On other hand, the need to have emotional and sexual satisfaction may compel one or both couples to cheat on their partners (Fox, 2009, p. 250). Therefore, it is critical for partners to be ready for parenthood. The birth of the baby may lead to the creation of various issues that may threaten the peaceful coexistence of the couple. Birth of the baby increases the demands of both parents. Women are mainly involved in domestic duties and child-rearing activities while man ensure they cater for the financial needs of the family. The birth of the baby leads to permanent changes in the sexual relationship of the couple. References Fox, B. (2009). When couples become parents: The creation of gender in the transition to parenthood. Toronto: University of Toronto. This report on When Couples Become Parents was written and submitted by user Chase Robbins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.